A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Ray, T. K.
- Iodine Content and Consumption Pattern of Salt in Households of Mehrauli, Delhi
Authors
1 NIHFW, Delhi, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 67, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 419-422Abstract
Background: Iodine deficiency disorders are a common public health issue in India as well as in various developing countries which can be easily prevented by universalisation of iodated salt ingestion. Salt consumption pattern may vary from one population to another because of different socioeconomic and cultural practices of individuals especially for a city like Delhi where people from different sociocultural backgrounds are clustered together. Keeping these factors in mind the present community based study was planned to find out salt consumption pattern of population residing in Mehrauli area South Delhi.
Objective: To find out goitre rate and to assess the Iodine content of salt used by the households and its consumption pattern by people residing in Mehrauli area, Delhi.
Material and methods: A survey was conducted to find out goitre prevalence and collect data regarding salt consumption pattern in terms of type of salt consumed, storage pattern and other relevant information from 1016 selected households. A subset of 292 salt samples were analysed for iodine content using titration methods in an ICMR laboratory.
Results: The goitre prevalence was found to be 1.7%. Iodine content was adequate (> 15 ppm) in 93% of the samples analysed by titration method while 3.4% of the salt samples had iodine content of 0 ppm. Proportion of samples with inadequate iodine content (< 15 ppm) increased significantly with lowering down of socioeconomic status of the subjects (p < 0.001). A statistically significant (p < 0.05) direct linear relationship between inadequate iodine content and storage duration was found in the study.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that iodine level in salt is above the recommended cut off given by WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF for monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders. Thus iodine deficiency is no longer a public health problem in the study area. However the storage pattern of salt needs to be addressed as it influences the iodine content.
- Ear Problems in Children of an Underprivileged Community of Delhi
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of ENT, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 68, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 22-26Abstract
Background: Ear diseases are important health problems among children in India and can result into hearing loss. In 2005, prevalence of deafness was 63 million in India, of which a large percentage was below 14 years. The growing magnitude of these problems made the Government of India initiate a National Programme for prevention and control of Deafness in 2006 but the pace of functioning is still behind the desired level.Objective: The study was done to find out magnitude and pattern of ear problems among school age children in a resettlement colony of Delhi.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Kalyanpuri-a resettlement colony of Delhi. A total of 1398 school children aged (5-14 years) were studied in the year 2011. Study subjects and their parents were interviewed in details regarding ear complaints. All the subjects were also examined clinically. They were also screened for hearing impairment by history and Tuning fork test and subsequently confirmed by pure tone audiometry. The Data was analysed using SPSS version 12.
Results: Out of total 1398 subjects, 744 (53.2%) were boys and 654 (46.8%) girls and 1249 (89.3%) of them were school going. Ear problems were identified in 33.2% subjects. Wax was the commonest problem (23.4%) followed by ear infections (10.0%) and hearing impairment (7.2%). Hearing loss was mostly of mild degree (20-30 dB). Commonest type of hearing loss was found to be conductive in nature.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Health education, routine ear screening in schools and periodic ear screening camps are needed for prevention of ear problems.
Keywords
School Children, Ear Diseases, Hearing Loss, Audiometry.- Impact of Training on Knowledge and Practices Regarding HIV/AIDs among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Level Medical Institute of Delhi
Authors
1 Department of Community Medicine, C-604, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Diz Area, Connaught Place, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, IN
3 Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001, IN
4 Department of Communnity Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, 110001, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 68, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 53-58Abstract
Background: Knowledge in HIV/AIDS is still deficient even in Health Care Workers (HCW). Practices of standard precautions and biomedical waste disposal among the health care workers also have been found improper in studies. The study therefore was carried out at Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Hospitals, one of the major Medical Institutes in Delhi to assess and improve the knowledge and practices of HCWs about HIV/AIDS.
Methods: Doctors (N = 86) and nursing professionals (N = 34) involved in patient care were given training by experts in the field of HIV regarding standard precaution and biomedical waste management. Their pre and post training level of knowledge and practices regarding HIV, standard precautions and biomedical waste disposal was evaluated.
Results & conclusion: The knowledge in many aspects of HIV and standard precaution was found inadequate both among doctors and nursing professionals though it improved considerably after training. Only 33% of doctors knew the correct interval for post exposure prophylaxis for HIV after getting exposed to HIV positive patient before the training. Only 29% of them initially had correct knowledge about the diagnostic test for HIV in a 4 month old child.
Keywords
HIV, AIDS, Needle Injury, Post Exposure Prophylaxis, Biomedical Waste.- Appraisal of Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojna: a Safe Motherhood Intervention in Rural Blocks of Haryana
Authors
1 Dept of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, IN
2 Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, IN
3 SMO, National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP), Bareily, UP, IN
4 Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 69, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 38-42Abstract
Context: The Government of India had launched Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), in the year 2005, as a safe motherhood intervention to reduce maternal and infant mortality rate through better provision and utilisation of Mother and Child Health (MCH) services. Though the scheme was promising enough, its implementation and utilisation were not uniformly implemented across the country due to lack of awareness of the common people, accessibility of the health services and availability of funds.Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate the operational mechanism of JSY and to assess the quality of services and perception of mothers regarding it.
Settings and Design: This was a rapid appraisal study conducted in four sub-centres, selected purposively, from two rural blocks of Haryana, a province of North India. The study design adopted was cross sectional.
Methods and Material: All the beneficiaries who received the benefits from 1.4.2009 to 31.3.2010 were enrolled in the study. The data were collected from beneficiaries regarding various aspects of JSY, using semi-structured schedule by carrying in-depth interviews, conducting house-to-house survey. Multi-purpose health workers - female (MPHW-F) of the sub-centres, accredited social health activist (ASHA) serving in the area and the concerned Medical Officer of the primary health centre (PHC) were also interviewed regarding implementation of JSY.
Results: Most of beneficiaries belonged to below poverty line (BPL) as well as schedule caste categories. Less than 15% of the beneficiaries received payment within one month. More than 80% of the beneficiaries got ≥ 2 ante-natal checkups, while post-natal checkups were received by less than 10%. More than two-third of the deliveries were still conducted at home.
Conclusion: More stress should be laid on the implementation of JSY in terms of place of delivery, provision of postnatal care and timely release of the monetary grants, so that the targeted objectives of this strategy can be achieved in a timely manner.
Keywords
Safe Motherhood Intervention, Rapid Appraisal, Maternal Mortality, Janani Suraksha Yojna.References
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- Nandan D, Agarwal D. Rapid Appraisal of health interventions. Indian J Public Health.2009;53(3):127
- Sharma MP, Soni SC, Bhattacharya M, Datta U, Gupta S, Nandan D. An assessment of institutional deliveries under JSY at different levels of health care in Jaipur district, Rajasthan. Indian J Public Health.2009;53(3):177-81.
- Pal DK, Toppo M, Gupta S, Nair KS, Khattar P, Nandan D. A rapid appraisal of functioning of district programme management units under NRHM in Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Public Health. 2009;53(3):151-7
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- Srivastava RK, Kansal S, Tiwari VK, Piang L, Chand R, Nandan D. Assessment of utilization of RCH services and client satisfaction at different levels of health facilities in Varanasi district. Indian J Public Health. 2009;53(3):183-9
- Malini S, Tripathi RM, Khattar P, Nair KS, Tekhre YL, Dhar N et al. A rapid appraisal of functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojna in South Orissa. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues. 2008;31(2):126-31.
- Dixit S, Sakalle S, Bansal M, Bagga R, Srivastava TG, Tiwari VK et al. A study of utilization of untied funds in subcentres in Indore division under National Rural Health Mission. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues. 2008;31(2):94-7
- Singh CM, Jain PK, Nair KS, Kumar P, Dhar N, Nandan D. Assessment of utilization of untied funds under the National Rural Health Mission in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Public Health. 2009;53(3):137-42.
- Ebola Infection-A Rising Public Health Challenge
Authors
1 Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 69, No 7 (2016), Pagination: 31-39Abstract
Ebola viral disease one of the fatal infections, though traditionally known to be confined to African countries has drawn lot of global attention in recent time because of its rapid progression within short span. Mainly the poor people who have frequent exposure to forest life and practice certain sociocultural rituals after death of an individual are the main victims of Ebola infection. However no country including India is immune to Ebola because of international travelling and promotion of tourism. Lack of suitable treatment and high infectivity and case fatality have made the disease one of the worst public health emergencies. There are evidence that, bats are the natural host or reservoir for Ebola virus. Humans may get infected with Ebola after coming in contact with infected wildlife (as hunted for food) and or bat. But role of sexual route cannot be ruled out.References
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- Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, et al. A case of Ebola virus infection. British Medical Journal 1977;2 (6086):541-544.
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- Burden of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Children of an Underprivileged Community of Delhi
Authors
1 Community Medicine, LHMC, Delhi, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 70, No 11 (2017), Pagination: 36-41Abstract
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a major cause of hearing impairment in developing countries and is the commonest cause of persistent mild to moderate hearing loss in children. In India, its prevalence varies from 3-18% in school going children. The disease mostly begins in childhood and is preventable if detected early.
The study was done to find out prevalence of CSOM among children aged 5- 14 years.
The cross sectional study was done in a resettlement colony of East Delhi (Kalyanpuri) in 2011. The systematic random sampling was the method used to select study subjects.
The overall prevalence of CSOM was 3.6% and inversely associated to age. The difference in CSOM among age groups was statistically significant. The association of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and CSOM was found to be statistically significant. Majority (96%) subjects out of all CSOM cases were cleaning ear canal with unsafe methods and was significantly associated with CSOM.
CSOM among children in the study area is quite high but preventable. A holistic approach incorporating effective health education, better living conditions and provision of primary health care services are advocated to reduce the burden.
References
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- National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness(NPPCD), Operational Guidelines for 12th Five Year Plan. M/O Health & FW, Govt of India, New Delhi
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- Maternal Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus a Case Control Study in a Tertiary Care Setting of Delhi
Authors
1 Dept. of Community Medicine, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, IN
2 Dept. of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 70, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 21-26Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been observed to be associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. GDM is becoming a public health concern globally as well as in India with fast increasing trend. It affects approximately 14% of all pregnancies.
Objective: To study the maternal risk factors for developing GDM in pregnant women based on personal and family histories.
Material and Methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted in Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated hospital with a sample size of 104 (52 cases & 52 controls). Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus as diagnosed by abnormal oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were taken as cases and pregnant women who have completed 24 weeks of gestation and who tested negative on Glucose Challenge test (GCT) were selected as controls. The data was compiled and analysed in SPSS version 12.
Results: Maternal age 25-30 years vs<25 years, OR=2.27; Maternal age >30 years vs<25 years, OR=7.75; socioeconomic status : upper vs lower OR= 56.25; middle vs lower OR=7.50; working women OR=5.23, age at menarche 13-16 years OR=4.09, > 16 years OR=31.90; irregular menses OR=7.93; Age at conception- 25-30 years vs<25 years >30 years vs<25 years OR= 1.65(0.62-4.37), 7.41(0.85-64.58) respectively; Parity ≥3 vs<3 OR=1.43, Family history of DM OR= 11.07.
Conclusions: The information found in the study regarding the risk factors may contribute heavily to the policy makers to develop strategies to combat the problem of GDM in the community.
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- Prefabricated Construction
Authors
1 IISCO, (Burnpur)., IN
2 Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 48, No 4 (1973), Pagination: 139-146Abstract
Shelter is the “second need” next to bread and as a consequence, Civil Engineers, Architects & building industry are thinking towards better, cheaper and faster housing construction. Another important factor is the ever increasing growth of population and rapid urbanisation necessitating more involvement of Technological thought. The demands for housing deserves the special attention of designers for very flexible design in respect of mechanisation, speed, economy and simplicity.- Anticorrosive Structural Concrete
Authors
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 48, No 3 (1973), Pagination: 1-3Abstract
The environmental effect on concrete structures, prevailing in chemical, pharmaceutical and metallurgical industries in particular, leads to the corrosion of concrete and reinforcing steel. The main sources of the corrosion are chemical agents. The present paper is intended for reviewing some modern trends in research of new materials in concrete technology and throws some light towards the possibility of using such materials effectively and economically in industrial structures.- Comparative Analysis of a Parabolic Dome
Authors
1 National Building Construction Corporation, IN
2 Jadavpur University, IN
3 Civil Engineering Dept., Jadavpur University, IN